Understanding the Nature and Impact of Digital Literacy on Rural Community Development in Bangladesh

Abstract

Digital literacy is increasingly recognized as a global development priority, especially in rural Bangladesh where unequal access to digital tools hinders inclusive community progress. This study investigates how digital literacy influences rural development, applying a mixed-methods approach involving a survey of 220 respondents and 7 in-depth case studies from purposively selected districts, upazilas, and villages. Guided by the Diffusion of Innovation Theory, data were collected through structured interviews and direct observation, maintaining strict ethical standards. Findings reveal that while 84% of respondents use smartphones, only 2% use personal computers, and most (60%) engage in non-functional digital activities such as social media and entertainment. None reported using platforms like Instagram, and 42% depend on mobile data. Despite the widespread ownership of devices, nearly 90% face barriers including lack of skills, training, poor connectivity, and affordability often requiring them to travel to market areas for access. Most respondents lack formal digital education and training, limiting their ability to use technology for economic development. Case studies further highlight this gap. In one village, several youths expressed strong interest in freelancing and digital jobs but had never received structured guidance on basic digital skills. While some informal benefits were noted in communication and education, few experienced any economic gain. The study underscores the urgent need for policy interventions that go beyond access calling for localized digital training centers, awareness programs, and community-based initiatives. Long-term, inclusive strategies are essential to ensure rural populations are not just digitally connected, but digitally empowered for education, livelihood, and social inclusion.