Identity, Recognition and Political Dynamics in Contemporary Somalia

Abstract

This research examined the relationship between politics, identity, and recognition in contemporary Somalia. Specifically, the paper focused on the impact of identity and recognition on governance and stability, while exploring how the Somali diaspora has influenced national identity. The study employed a mixed-methods approach by administering an online survey to 505 respondents alongside 45 key informant interviews with experts on the subject matter. Findings indicate a significant relationship between clan identity and governance, as clan affiliations substantially influence coalition formation through both social and political behaviours. Additionally, the government has not adequately addressed historical grievances stemming from prolonged violence, resulting in cycles of conflict and divisions. The study reveals that lack of clan recognition is a root cause of recurring instability in the region. Survey data showed that 42% of respondents reported clan identity "strongly influences" their political opinions, while 43% felt excluded from political processes due to clan affiliation. Key informants emphasized that traditional governance systems (xeer) often operate alongside or replace formal institutions. The findings demonstrate that in-depth analysis of the relationship between identity, recognition, and politics is crucial for addressing governance issues. The paper provides recommendations for incorporating political systems that respect clan differences while enhancing government legitimacy and fostering unity. The study emphasizes the necessity for inclusive governments that address historical grievances among different clans and foster genuine belonging within a unified Somali state.